![]() Also check out, much more complex, example of when you can encounter a NullReferenceException. NET Type Fundamentals, for further information I'd recommend either picking up CLR via C# or reading this MSDN article by the same author - Jeffrey Richter. throw a meaningful exception or give some useful feedback to the user!Īll of the above really just hints of. The main method above can be modified in such a way that the NullReferenceException should never be seen by a user: static void Main(string args) ![]() If you are using an API or invoking methods that may return null then it's important to handle this gracefully. The root cause really depends on the specific scenario that you've encountered. This is a very common error and can occur because of all kinds of reasons. ![]() ReturnedClass.AnotherExampleMethod() //NullReferenceException here. Var returnedClass = exampleClass.ExampleMethod() The following code is a simple way of reproducing this: static void Main(string args) Which is the same as Object reference not set to an instance of an object. If you try to access a member of a class instance using a null reference then you get a System.NullReferenceException. Reference types, when declared, do not have a default value: class ExampleClass ![]() ![]() Boolean variables, when declared, have a default value: bool mybool Value types are primitives such as integers and booleans or structures (and can be identified because they inherit from System.ValueType). NET are either reference types or value types. ![]()
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